tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5436785578361909652023-11-16T03:15:45.084-08:00BELAJAR Berbagi ILMUAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18209907770250529154noreply@blogger.comBlogger12125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-543678557836190965.post-38757531226976709432013-02-26T18:52:00.004-08:002013-02-26T18:52:58.814-08:00Manfaat Radioaktif dalam Berbagai Bidang Kehidupan<br />
<h3 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 34px;"><br /></span></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <b>Radioisotop
dalam Bidang Kedoktera</b></span><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">n</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berbagai jenis radioisotop digunakan untuk
mendeteksi</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.05pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(diagnosa) berbagai penyakit antara
lain </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Teknesium</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-99
(Tc-99),T</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">alium</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-201 (TI-201),
Iodin</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">131 (I-131),Natrium-24
(Na-24),</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .6pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Xenon-133</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (Xe-133),
Fosforus-32 (P-32), dan besi-59 (Fe-59).</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Teknetum-99 (Tc-99)</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">yang disuntikkan kedalam pembuluh darah akan akan diserap
terutama oleh jaringan yang rusak pada organ tertentu, seperti jantung, hati
dan paru-paru. Sebaliknya, TI-201 terutama akan diserap oleh jaringan sehat pada
organ jantung. Oleh karena itu, kedua radioisotop itu digunakan bersama-sama
untuk mendeteksi kerusakan jantung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Iodin-131
(</span></b><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I-131</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> diserap terutama oleh kelenjar gondok,
hati dan bagian-bagian tertentu</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: 10.1pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">dari otak. Oleh karena
itu, I-1</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1
dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi kerusakan pada kelenjar gondok, hati, dan
untuk mendeteksi tumor otak</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Iodin-123
(I-123)</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah
radioisotop lain dari Iodin. I-123 yang memancarkan sinar gamma yang digunakan
untuk mendeteksi penyakit otak.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Natrium-24
(</span></b><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Na-24</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span></b><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">digunakan untuk mendeteksi
adanya gangguan peredaran darah.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Larutan NaCl yang tersusun atas Na-24
dan Cl yang stabil disuntikkan ke dalam darah dan aliran darah dapat diikuti
dengan mendeteksi sinar yang dipancarkan, sehingga dapat diketahui jika terjadi
penyumbatan aliran darah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Xenon-133
(</span></b><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Xe-133</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> digunakan untuk mendeteksi penyakit
paru-paru.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Phospor-32
(</span></b><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">P-32</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> digunakan untuk mendeteksi penyakit
mata, tumor, dan lain-lain.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Serta
dapat pula mengobati penyakit polycythemia rubavera, yaitu pembentukan sel
darah merah yang berlebihan. Dalam penggunaanya isotop P-32 disuntikkan ke
dalam tubuh sehingga radiasinya yang memancarkan sinar beta dapat menghambat
pembentujan sel darah merah pada sum-sum tulang belakang.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sr-85</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> untuk mendeteksi penyakit pada tulang.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Se-75</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> untuk mendeteksi penyakit pankreas.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kobalt-60
(Co-60) </span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">sumber radiasi gamma
untuk terapi tumor dan kanker. Karena sel kanker lebih sensitif (lebih mudah
rusak) terhadap radiasi radioisotop daripada sel normal, maka penggunakan
radioisotop untuk membunuh sel kanker dengan mengatur arah dan dosis radiasi.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kobalt-60
(Co-60) dan Skandium-137 (Cs-137)</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,
radiasinya digunakan untuk sterilisasi alat-alat medis.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">k. </span><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Radioisotop fosfor dapat dipakai untuk
menentukan tempat tumor di otak:</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b>Ferum-59 (Fe-59</b>)
dapat digunakan untuk mempelajari dan mengukur laju pembentukan sel darah merah
dalam tubuh dan untuk menentukan apakah zat besi dalam makanan dapat digunakan
dengan baik oleh tubuh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sejak lama </span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">diketahui bahwa
radiasi dari radium dapat dipakai untuk pengobatan kanker. Oleh karena <b>radium-60</b> dapat
mematikan sel kanker dan sel yang sehat maka diperlukan teknik tertentu
sehingga tempat di sekeliling kanker mendapat radiasi seminimal mungkin.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b>Radiasi gamma</b> dapat
membunuh organisme hidup termasuk bakteri. Oleh karena itu, radiasi gamma
digunakan untuk sterilisasi alat-alat kedokteran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Radioisotop
dalam </span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B</span></b><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">idang
Pertanian</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam bidang pemuliaan tanaman pembentukan bibit unggul
dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan radiasi. Misalnya, pemuliaan padi, bibit
padi diberi radiasi dengan dosis yang bervariasi, dari dosis terkecil yang
tidak membawa pengaruh hingga dosis terbesar yang mematikan, (Biji tumbuh).
Biji yang sudah diradiasi itu kemudian disemaikan dan ditanam berkelompok
menurut ukuran dosis radiasinya. Selanjutnya akan dipilh varietas yang
dikehendaki, misalnya yang tahan hama, berbulir banyak dan berumur pendek.
Dalam bidang pertanian, radiasi yang dihasilkan juga digunakan untuk
pemberantasan hama dan pemulihan tanaman.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a. Pembentukan Bibit
Unggul</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam
bidang pertanian, radiasi gamma dapat digunakan untuk memperoleh bibit unggul.
Sinar gamma menyebabkan perubahan dalam struktur dan sifat kromosom sehingga
memungkinkan menghasilkan generasi yang lebih baik, misalnya gandum dengan yang
umur lebih pendek.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Selain
sinar gamma, fosfor-32 (P-32) juga berguna untuk membuat benih tumbuhan yang
bersifat lebih unggul dibandingkan induknya. Radiasi radioaktif ini ke tanaman
induk akan menyebabkan ionisasi pada berbagai sel tumbuhan. Ionisasi inilah
yang menyebabkan turunan akan mempunyai sifat yang berbeda dari induknya.
Kekuatan radiasi yang digunakan diatur sedemikian rupa hingga diperoleh sifat
yang lebih unggul dari induknya.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b. Pemupukan dan
Pemberantasan Hama dengan Serangga Mandul</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Radioisotop
fosfor dapat dipakai untuk mempelajari pemakaian pupuk oleh tanaman. Ada jenis
tanaman yang mengambil fosfor sebagian dari tanah dan sebagian dari pupuk.
Berdasarkan hal inilah digunakan fosfor radioaktif untuk mengetahui pola
penyebaran pupuk dan efesiensi pengambilan fosfor dari pupuk oleh tanaman. Teknik
radiasi juga dapat digunakan untuk memberantas hama dengan menjadikan serangga
mandul.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dengan
radiasi dapat mengakibatkan efek biologis, sehingga timbul kemandulan pada
serangga jantan. Kemandulan ini dibuat di laboratorium dengan cara hama
serangga diradiasi sehingga serangga jantan menjadi mandul. Setelah disinari
hama tersebut dilepas di daerah yang terserang hama, sehingga diharapkan akan
terjadi perkawinan antara hama setempat dengan jantan mandul yang dilepas,
sehingga telur itu tidak akan menetas.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c. Pengawetan Makanan</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada
musim panen, hasil produksi pertanian melimpah. Beberapa dari hasil pertanian
itu mudah busuk atau bahkan dapat tumbuh tunas, contohnya kentang. Oleh karena
itu diperlukan teknologi untuk mengawetkan bahan pangan tersebut. Salah satu
cara yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan irradiasi sinar radioaktif. Radiasi ini
juga dapat mencegah pertumbuhan bakteri dan jamur.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .6pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .6pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <b>Radiologi
d</b></span><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .6pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">alam </span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .6pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hal P</span></b><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .6pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">enyimpanan </span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .6pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">M</span></b><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .6pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">akanan</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bahan makanan seperti kentang dan bawang jika disimpan lama akan
bertunas. Radiasi dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bahan-bahan seperti itu. Jadi,
sebelum bahan tersebut disimpan diberi radiasi dengan dosis tertentu sehingga
tidak akan bertunas, dengan demikian dapat disimpan lebih lama. Radiasi juga
digunakan untuk pengawetan bahan makanan untuk mencegah pertumbuhan bakteri dan
jamur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <b>Radio Aktif dalam Bidang Industri</b></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kaos
lampu petromaks menggunakan larutan</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.3pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">radioisotop horium dalam batas yang dipernankan agar
nyalanya lebih terang. Radiasi gamma yang dihasilkan dapat digunakan untuk
memeriksa cacat pada logam dan juga untuk pengawetan kayu, barang-barang
seni,dll.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penggunaan
radioisotop dalam bidang industri antara lain untuk mendeteksi kebocoran pipa
yang ditanam di dalam tanah atau dalam beton. Dengan menggunakan radioisotop yang
dimasukkan ke dalam aliran pipa kebocoran pipa dapat dideteksi tanpa penggalian
tanah atau pembongkaran beton. Penyinaran radiasi dapat digunakan untuk
menentukan keausan atau kekeroposan yang terjadi pada bagian pengelasan
antarlogam. Jika bahan ini disinari dengan sinar gamma dan dibalik bahan itu
diletakkan film foto maka pada bagian yang aus atau keropos akan memberikan
gambar yang tidak merata. Radiasi sinar gamma juga digunakan dalam vulkanisasi
lateks alam. Penggunaan zat radioaktif dalam bidang industri yang lainnya
adalah untuk mengatur ketebalan besi baja, kertas, dan plastik; dan untuk
menentukan sumber minyak bumi.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <b>Radioaktif
dalam Bidang Hidrologi</b></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Na-24</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> untuk
mempelajari kecepatan aliran sungai.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Na-24</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dalam bentuk
karbonat untuk menylidiki kebocoran pipa air dibawah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <b>Radiologi
dalam Bidang Sains</b></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> Iodin-131 (I-131) untuk mempelajari
kesetimbangan dinamis.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Oksigen-18 (O-18)
untuk mempelajari reaksi esterifikasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Karbon-14 (C-14) untuk mempelajari mekanisme
reaksi fotosintesis.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <b>Radiologi
dalam Bidang Kimia</b></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a. Teknik Perunut</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Teknik
perunut dapat dipakai untuk mempelajari mekanisme berbagai reaksi kimia. Misal
pada reaksi esterifikasi. Dengan oksigen-18 dapat diikuti reaksi antara asam
karboksilat dan alkohol. Dari analisis spektroskopi massa, reaksi esterifikasi
yang terjadi dapat ditulis seperti berikut. (isotop oksigen-18 diberi warna).
Hasil analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa molekul air tidak mengandung oksigen-18.
Adapun jika O-18 berada dalam alkohol maka reaksi yang terjadi seperti berikut.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b. Penggunaan Isotop
dalam Bidang Kimia Analisis</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penggunaan
isotop dalam analisis digunakan untuk menentukan unsur-unsur kelumit dalam
cuplikan. Analisis dengan radioisotop atau disebut radiometrik dapat dilakukan
dengan dua cara yaitu, sebagai berikut.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)
Analisis Pengeceran Isotop</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Larutan
yang akan dianalisis dan larutan standar ditambahkan sejumlah larutan yang
mengandung suatu spesi radioaktif. Kemudian zat tersebut dipisahkan dan
ditentukan aktivitasnya. Konsentrasi larutan yang dianalisis ditentukan dengan
membandingkannya dengan larutan standar.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)
Analisis Aktivasi Neutron (AAN)</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Analisis
aktivasi neutron dapat digunakan untuk menentukan unsur kelumit dalam cuplikan
yang berupa padatan. Misal untuk menentukan logam berat (Cd) dalam sampel ikat
laut. Sampel diiradiasi dengan neutron dalam reaktor sehingga menjadi
radioaktif. Salah satu radiasi yang dipancarkan adalah sinar gamma .
Selanjutnya sampel dicacah dengan spektrometer gamma untuk menentukan
aktivitas dari unsur yang akan ditentukan.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8. <b>Radologi
dalam Pengukuran Usia Bahan Organik</b></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Radioisotop
karbon-14, terbentuk di bagian atas atmosfer dari penembakan atom nitrogen
dengan neutron yang terbentuk oleh radiasi kosmik.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Karbon
radioaktif tersebut di permukaan bumi sebagai karbon dioksida dalam udara dan
sebagai ion hidrogen karbonat di laut. Oleh karena itu karbon radioaktif itu
menyertai pertumbuhan melalui fotosintesis. Lama kelamaan terdapat
kesetimbangan antara karbon-14 yang diterima dan yang meluruh dalam
tumbuh-tumbuhan maupun hewan, sehingga mencapai 15,3 dis/menit gram karbon.
Keaktifan ini tetap dalam beberapa ribu tahun. Apabila organisme hidup mati,
pengambilan 14C terhenti dan keaktifan ini berkurang. Oleh karena itu umur
bahan yang mengandung karbon dapat diperkirakan dari pengukuran keaktifan
jenisnya dan waktu paruh 14C. ( 12 <i>T </i>= 5.730 tahun).</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18209907770250529154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-543678557836190965.post-89692733386197803152013-02-26T18:52:00.002-08:002013-02-26T18:52:33.884-08:00Manfaat Radioaktif dalam Berbagai Bidang Kehidupan<br />
<h3 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 30px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 34px;"><br /></span></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <b>Radioisotop
dalam Bidang Kedoktera</b></span><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">n</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berbagai jenis radioisotop digunakan untuk
mendeteksi</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.05pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(diagnosa) berbagai penyakit antara
lain </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Teknesium</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-99
(Tc-99),T</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">alium</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-201 (TI-201),
Iodin</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">131 (I-131),Natrium-24
(Na-24),</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .6pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Xenon-133</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (Xe-133),
Fosforus-32 (P-32), dan besi-59 (Fe-59).</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Teknetum-99 (Tc-99)</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">yang disuntikkan kedalam pembuluh darah akan akan diserap
terutama oleh jaringan yang rusak pada organ tertentu, seperti jantung, hati
dan paru-paru. Sebaliknya, TI-201 terutama akan diserap oleh jaringan sehat pada
organ jantung. Oleh karena itu, kedua radioisotop itu digunakan bersama-sama
untuk mendeteksi kerusakan jantung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Iodin-131
(</span></b><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I-131</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> diserap terutama oleh kelenjar gondok,
hati dan bagian-bagian tertentu</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: 10.1pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">dari otak. Oleh karena
itu, I-1</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1
dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi kerusakan pada kelenjar gondok, hati, dan
untuk mendeteksi tumor otak</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Iodin-123
(I-123)</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah
radioisotop lain dari Iodin. I-123 yang memancarkan sinar gamma yang digunakan
untuk mendeteksi penyakit otak.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Natrium-24
(</span></b><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Na-24</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span></b><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">digunakan untuk mendeteksi
adanya gangguan peredaran darah.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Larutan NaCl yang tersusun atas Na-24
dan Cl yang stabil disuntikkan ke dalam darah dan aliran darah dapat diikuti
dengan mendeteksi sinar yang dipancarkan, sehingga dapat diketahui jika terjadi
penyumbatan aliran darah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Xenon-133
(</span></b><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Xe-133</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> digunakan untuk mendeteksi penyakit
paru-paru.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Phospor-32
(</span></b><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">P-32</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> digunakan untuk mendeteksi penyakit
mata, tumor, dan lain-lain.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Serta
dapat pula mengobati penyakit polycythemia rubavera, yaitu pembentukan sel
darah merah yang berlebihan. Dalam penggunaanya isotop P-32 disuntikkan ke
dalam tubuh sehingga radiasinya yang memancarkan sinar beta dapat menghambat
pembentujan sel darah merah pada sum-sum tulang belakang.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sr-85</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> untuk mendeteksi penyakit pada tulang.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Se-75</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> untuk mendeteksi penyakit pankreas.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kobalt-60
(Co-60) </span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">sumber radiasi gamma
untuk terapi tumor dan kanker. Karena sel kanker lebih sensitif (lebih mudah
rusak) terhadap radiasi radioisotop daripada sel normal, maka penggunakan
radioisotop untuk membunuh sel kanker dengan mengatur arah dan dosis radiasi.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kobalt-60
(Co-60) dan Skandium-137 (Cs-137)</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,
radiasinya digunakan untuk sterilisasi alat-alat medis.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">k. </span><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Radioisotop fosfor dapat dipakai untuk
menentukan tempat tumor di otak:</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b>Ferum-59 (Fe-59</b>)
dapat digunakan untuk mempelajari dan mengukur laju pembentukan sel darah merah
dalam tubuh dan untuk menentukan apakah zat besi dalam makanan dapat digunakan
dengan baik oleh tubuh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sejak lama </span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">diketahui bahwa
radiasi dari radium dapat dipakai untuk pengobatan kanker. Oleh karena <b>radium-60</b> dapat
mematikan sel kanker dan sel yang sehat maka diperlukan teknik tertentu
sehingga tempat di sekeliling kanker mendapat radiasi seminimal mungkin.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b>Radiasi gamma</b> dapat
membunuh organisme hidup termasuk bakteri. Oleh karena itu, radiasi gamma
digunakan untuk sterilisasi alat-alat kedokteran.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Radioisotop
dalam </span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B</span></b><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">idang
Pertanian</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam bidang pemuliaan tanaman pembentukan bibit unggul
dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan radiasi. Misalnya, pemuliaan padi, bibit
padi diberi radiasi dengan dosis yang bervariasi, dari dosis terkecil yang
tidak membawa pengaruh hingga dosis terbesar yang mematikan, (Biji tumbuh).
Biji yang sudah diradiasi itu kemudian disemaikan dan ditanam berkelompok
menurut ukuran dosis radiasinya. Selanjutnya akan dipilh varietas yang
dikehendaki, misalnya yang tahan hama, berbulir banyak dan berumur pendek.
Dalam bidang pertanian, radiasi yang dihasilkan juga digunakan untuk
pemberantasan hama dan pemulihan tanaman.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a. Pembentukan Bibit
Unggul</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam
bidang pertanian, radiasi gamma dapat digunakan untuk memperoleh bibit unggul.
Sinar gamma menyebabkan perubahan dalam struktur dan sifat kromosom sehingga
memungkinkan menghasilkan generasi yang lebih baik, misalnya gandum dengan yang
umur lebih pendek.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Selain
sinar gamma, fosfor-32 (P-32) juga berguna untuk membuat benih tumbuhan yang
bersifat lebih unggul dibandingkan induknya. Radiasi radioaktif ini ke tanaman
induk akan menyebabkan ionisasi pada berbagai sel tumbuhan. Ionisasi inilah
yang menyebabkan turunan akan mempunyai sifat yang berbeda dari induknya.
Kekuatan radiasi yang digunakan diatur sedemikian rupa hingga diperoleh sifat
yang lebih unggul dari induknya.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b. Pemupukan dan
Pemberantasan Hama dengan Serangga Mandul</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Radioisotop
fosfor dapat dipakai untuk mempelajari pemakaian pupuk oleh tanaman. Ada jenis
tanaman yang mengambil fosfor sebagian dari tanah dan sebagian dari pupuk.
Berdasarkan hal inilah digunakan fosfor radioaktif untuk mengetahui pola
penyebaran pupuk dan efesiensi pengambilan fosfor dari pupuk oleh tanaman. Teknik
radiasi juga dapat digunakan untuk memberantas hama dengan menjadikan serangga
mandul.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dengan
radiasi dapat mengakibatkan efek biologis, sehingga timbul kemandulan pada
serangga jantan. Kemandulan ini dibuat di laboratorium dengan cara hama
serangga diradiasi sehingga serangga jantan menjadi mandul. Setelah disinari
hama tersebut dilepas di daerah yang terserang hama, sehingga diharapkan akan
terjadi perkawinan antara hama setempat dengan jantan mandul yang dilepas,
sehingga telur itu tidak akan menetas.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c. Pengawetan Makanan</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada
musim panen, hasil produksi pertanian melimpah. Beberapa dari hasil pertanian
itu mudah busuk atau bahkan dapat tumbuh tunas, contohnya kentang. Oleh karena
itu diperlukan teknologi untuk mengawetkan bahan pangan tersebut. Salah satu
cara yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan irradiasi sinar radioaktif. Radiasi ini
juga dapat mencegah pertumbuhan bakteri dan jamur.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .6pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .6pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <b>Radiologi
d</b></span><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .6pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">alam </span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .6pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hal P</span></b><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .6pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">enyimpanan </span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .6pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">M</span></b><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .6pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">akanan</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bahan makanan seperti kentang dan bawang jika disimpan lama akan
bertunas. Radiasi dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bahan-bahan seperti itu. Jadi,
sebelum bahan tersebut disimpan diberi radiasi dengan dosis tertentu sehingga
tidak akan bertunas, dengan demikian dapat disimpan lebih lama. Radiasi juga
digunakan untuk pengawetan bahan makanan untuk mencegah pertumbuhan bakteri dan
jamur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <b>Radio Aktif dalam Bidang Industri</b></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kaos
lampu petromaks menggunakan larutan</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.3pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">radioisotop horium dalam batas yang dipernankan agar
nyalanya lebih terang. Radiasi gamma yang dihasilkan dapat digunakan untuk
memeriksa cacat pada logam dan juga untuk pengawetan kayu, barang-barang
seni,dll.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 17.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penggunaan
radioisotop dalam bidang industri antara lain untuk mendeteksi kebocoran pipa
yang ditanam di dalam tanah atau dalam beton. Dengan menggunakan radioisotop yang
dimasukkan ke dalam aliran pipa kebocoran pipa dapat dideteksi tanpa penggalian
tanah atau pembongkaran beton. Penyinaran radiasi dapat digunakan untuk
menentukan keausan atau kekeroposan yang terjadi pada bagian pengelasan
antarlogam. Jika bahan ini disinari dengan sinar gamma dan dibalik bahan itu
diletakkan film foto maka pada bagian yang aus atau keropos akan memberikan
gambar yang tidak merata. Radiasi sinar gamma juga digunakan dalam vulkanisasi
lateks alam. Penggunaan zat radioaktif dalam bidang industri yang lainnya
adalah untuk mengatur ketebalan besi baja, kertas, dan plastik; dan untuk
menentukan sumber minyak bumi.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <b>Radioaktif
dalam Bidang Hidrologi</b></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Na-24</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> untuk
mempelajari kecepatan aliran sungai.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Na-24</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dalam bentuk
karbonat untuk menylidiki kebocoran pipa air dibawah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <b>Radiologi
dalam Bidang Sains</b></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> Iodin-131 (I-131) untuk mempelajari
kesetimbangan dinamis.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Oksigen-18 (O-18)
untuk mempelajari reaksi esterifikasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Karbon-14 (C-14) untuk mempelajari mekanisme
reaksi fotosintesis.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.</span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <b>Radiologi
dalam Bidang Kimia</b></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a. Teknik Perunut</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Teknik
perunut dapat dipakai untuk mempelajari mekanisme berbagai reaksi kimia. Misal
pada reaksi esterifikasi. Dengan oksigen-18 dapat diikuti reaksi antara asam
karboksilat dan alkohol. Dari analisis spektroskopi massa, reaksi esterifikasi
yang terjadi dapat ditulis seperti berikut. (isotop oksigen-18 diberi warna).
Hasil analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa molekul air tidak mengandung oksigen-18.
Adapun jika O-18 berada dalam alkohol maka reaksi yang terjadi seperti berikut.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b. Penggunaan Isotop
dalam Bidang Kimia Analisis</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penggunaan
isotop dalam analisis digunakan untuk menentukan unsur-unsur kelumit dalam
cuplikan. Analisis dengan radioisotop atau disebut radiometrik dapat dilakukan
dengan dua cara yaitu, sebagai berikut.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)
Analisis Pengeceran Isotop</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Larutan
yang akan dianalisis dan larutan standar ditambahkan sejumlah larutan yang
mengandung suatu spesi radioaktif. Kemudian zat tersebut dipisahkan dan
ditentukan aktivitasnya. Konsentrasi larutan yang dianalisis ditentukan dengan
membandingkannya dengan larutan standar.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)
Analisis Aktivasi Neutron (AAN)</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Analisis
aktivasi neutron dapat digunakan untuk menentukan unsur kelumit dalam cuplikan
yang berupa padatan. Misal untuk menentukan logam berat (Cd) dalam sampel ikat
laut. Sampel diiradiasi dengan neutron dalam reaktor sehingga menjadi
radioaktif. Salah satu radiasi yang dipancarkan adalah sinar gamma .
Selanjutnya sampel dicacah dengan spektrometer gamma untuk menentukan
aktivitas dari unsur yang akan ditentukan.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8. <b>Radologi
dalam Pengukuran Usia Bahan Organik</b></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Radioisotop
karbon-14, terbentuk di bagian atas atmosfer dari penembakan atom nitrogen
dengan neutron yang terbentuk oleh radiasi kosmik.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Karbon
radioaktif tersebut di permukaan bumi sebagai karbon dioksida dalam udara dan
sebagai ion hidrogen karbonat di laut. Oleh karena itu karbon radioaktif itu
menyertai pertumbuhan melalui fotosintesis. Lama kelamaan terdapat
kesetimbangan antara karbon-14 yang diterima dan yang meluruh dalam
tumbuh-tumbuhan maupun hewan, sehingga mencapai 15,3 dis/menit gram karbon.
Keaktifan ini tetap dalam beberapa ribu tahun. Apabila organisme hidup mati,
pengambilan 14C terhenti dan keaktifan ini berkurang. Oleh karena itu umur
bahan yang mengandung karbon dapat diperkirakan dari pengukuran keaktifan
jenisnya dan waktu paruh 14C. ( 12 <i>T </i>= 5.730 tahun).</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18209907770250529154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-543678557836190965.post-91799953663021987902013-02-25T06:00:00.000-08:002013-02-25T06:12:43.028-08:00Resep Brownies Singkong <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://id.88db.com/Pengiriman-Bunga-Hadiah/Kue/1/" target="_blank"><span style="color: black; font-weight: normal;">Kue Basah</span></a> –</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Singkong ternyata tidak hanya bisa di goreng dan di rebus, tapi bisa juga
di jadikan brownies. Mari kita lihat bahan dan cara pembuatannya</span></div>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUyLckJNZvPC9iBMjm7zTrQe7deCJPyJVXZvWFjKLsU17iMBSdENClESDxCX52HhJT1Sg8gQYhPkbLuZLSUSL2RUqyJG_oPNMg9_7YAzxegejDCiBGsTtdNhdVpIM72E3Jk5kvOYIGIrE/s1600/1214306p.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUyLckJNZvPC9iBMjm7zTrQe7deCJPyJVXZvWFjKLsU17iMBSdENClESDxCX52HhJT1Sg8gQYhPkbLuZLSUSL2RUqyJG_oPNMg9_7YAzxegejDCiBGsTtdNhdVpIM72E3Jk5kvOYIGIrE/s1600/1214306p.jpg" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span class="commentlarge"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
<span class="commentlarge">Bahan: </span><br />
<span class="commentlarge">175 gr dark cooking chocolate, potong-potong </span><br />
<span class="commentlarge">100 gr margarin </span><br />
<span class="commentlarge">3 btr telur </span><br />
<span class="commentlarge">150 gr gula pasir </span><br />
<span class="commentlarge">150 gr tepung singkong </span><br />
<span class="commentlarge">20 gr cokelat bubuk </span><br />
<span class="commentlarge">¼ sdt baking powder </span><br />
<span class="commentlarge">25 gr almond slices </span><br />
<br />
<span class="commentlarge">Cara membuat: </span><br />
<span class="commentlarge">1. Tim dark cooking chocolate dan margarin, sampai
leleh. Sisihkan. </span><br />
<span class="commentlarge">2. Kocok telur dan gula hingga kental, masukkan
cokelat leleh, aduk rata. </span><br />
<span class="commentlarge">3. Tambahkan tepung singkong, cokelat bubuk, dan
baking powder. Ayak rata. </span><br />
<span class="commentlarge">4. Tuang adonan ke dalam loyang brownies 11x25 cm yang
sudah diolesi margarin dan dialasi kertas roti, taburi bagian atasnya dengan
almond slices. </span><br />
<span class="commentlarge">5. Panggang dalam oven dengan suhu 170 derajat
Celcius, selama 20 menit atau sampai kue matang. </span><br />
<span class="commentlarge">6. Angkat, dinginkan. </span><br />
<br />
<span class="commentlarge">Untuk 6 orang </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18209907770250529154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-543678557836190965.post-10280016412482191642013-02-25T05:38:00.005-08:002013-02-25T05:38:41.471-08:00Ibadah-Ibadah Khusus Wanita ketika Haid<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Haid memang sudah menjadi takdir-Nya yeng telah ditetapkan
kepada setiap wanita. Tidak ada seorang wanita pun yang bias menghindarinya,
kecuali karena kejadian khusus, hamil misalnya. Tentunya, ada hikmah di balik
haid itu. Bahkan, bias disimpulkan bahwa haid juftru merupakan tanda kasih
sayang Allah SWT bagi wanita.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wanita perindu surge tidak mengenal istilah ‘libur’ untuk
melakukan ibadah. Baginya, haid tidak mengahalangi untuk tetap beribadah kepada
Allah SWT. Berikut ini ibadah-ibadah khusus yang bias dikerjakan wanita ketika
haid.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memperbanyak Istighfar dan Bertaubat
pada Allah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memenuhi Hak-Hak Suami<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Membasahi Lisan dengan Dzikir<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memperbanyak Sedekah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menyambung Tali Silaturahmi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berbakti pada Orangtua<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menghadiri Majelis-majelis Ilmu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Script MT Bold"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“
Wahai para wanita, bacalah tasbih, tahlil, tahmid, dan takbir. Dan gunakanlah
jari-jarimu untuk bertasbih. Sesungguhnya jari-jari itu kelak di akhirat akan
ditanya dan dapat berbicara. Dan kalau kalian tidak melakukannya, maka
sesungguhnya kalian telah melupakan rahmat Allah.” (</span><span style="font-family: "Hobo Std"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HR. Baihaqi</span><span style="font-family: "Script MT Bold"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber : Salsabilah,Iis,dkk.2011.<i>Ternyata Wanita Lebih Mudah Masuk </i>Surga.Bandung:Ruangkata.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18209907770250529154noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-543678557836190965.post-25153181026379047002013-02-24T15:06:00.001-08:002013-02-25T05:33:40.922-08:00RUMUS-RUMUS VEKTOR (Matematika)<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Tekton Pro","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tahukah Anda ?</span></i></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada
tahun 1827 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>Mobius</u></b> mempublikasikan
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Der Barycentrische Calcul, </i>sebuah
buku geometri yang mengkaji transformasi garis dan irisan kerucut. Fitur baru
dalam hasil karya ini adalah pengenalan koordinat <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">barycentric. </i>Diberikan sembarang segitiga ABC maka jika garis berat
a, b, dan c berturut-turut dilukis pada A, B, dan C maka dapat ditentukan
sebuah titik P, yaitu titik berat segitiga. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mobius</b> memperlihatkan bahwa setiap titik P pada bidang datar
ditentukan oleh koordinat homogen [a,b,c]. Garis – garis berat yang diperlukan
diletakkan pada A,B, dan C untuk menentukan titik berat P. Yang terpenting
disini adalah pandangan <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mobius</b>
tentang <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">besaran berarah</b>, sebuah
pemunculan awal mengenai konsep vektor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada
tahun 1837 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mobius </b>mempublikasikan
buku tentang statika di mana ia secara gamblang menyatakan idenya tentang
penyelesaian masalah besaran vektor bersama dengan dua sumbu koordinat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Di antara dua hasil karya Monius ini, sebuah
karya tentang geometri oleh Bellavitis dipublikasikan tahun 1832 yang juga
membahas besaran yang merupakan vektor. Odjek dasarnya adalah segmen garis AB
dan ia memandang AB dan BA sebagai dua objek yang berbeda. Ia mendefinisikan
dua segmen garis sebagai ‘equipollent’ jika keduanya sama panjang dan paralel.
Dalam notasi modern, dua segmen garis adlah <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">equipollent</i>
jika keduanya mewakili dua vektor yang sama.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Baskerville Old Face","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Baskerville Old Face"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Baskerville Old Face";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Baskerville Old Face","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengertian
vektor<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Setiap
besaran skalar seperti temperature, tekanan, massa, dan sebagainya selau
dikaitkan dengan suatu bilangan yang merupakan nilai dari besaran itu. Untuk
besaran vektor, di samping mempunyai nilai, ia juga mempunyai arah. Misalnya,
pada gerakan angin, selain disebutkan lajunya, disebutkan juga arahnya, seperti
20km/jam dengan arah timur laut. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Definisi</b>
vektor dan skalar :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Vektor</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
: segmen garis berarah yang mempunyai besaran. Jadi, vektor adalah besaran yang
mempunyai arah, misalnya : kecepatan, momen, gaya, percepatan, berat, dll.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Skalar</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
: suatu besaran yang tidak mempunyai arah. Misalnya, panjang, luas, jarak,
,suhu, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.55pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Baskerville Old Face","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Baskerville Old Face"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Baskerville Old Face";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Baskerville Old Face","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penulisan vektor<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ditulis dengan huruf kecil dicetak
tebal. Misalkan : <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">a</b>,<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">b</b>,<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">c</b>
. . .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ditulis dengan huruf kecil yang
diatasnya dibubuhi tanda panah. Misalkan : ā , ē . . . .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ditulis dengan huruf kecil dan garis di
bawahi. Misalkan : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Baskerville Old Face","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Baskerville Old Face"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Baskerville Old Face";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Tekton Pro","sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Baskerville Old Face","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt;">Rumus-rumus
vektor<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">Vektor
satuan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5OtR_ZrQP0mKx-W0HfyazeXgsXqiN3KhxyvgNs4Wh1PSsOvRoJbh-SOJKHuDfyLKxTaZqJ_NGUANXSGq4cnNzLmvhilIiKTucPoncdl2F7anx5_Lsle-gILshGkDXBw63Ro4bJkxIBpQ/s1600/8.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5OtR_ZrQP0mKx-W0HfyazeXgsXqiN3KhxyvgNs4Wh1PSsOvRoJbh-SOJKHuDfyLKxTaZqJ_NGUANXSGq4cnNzLmvhilIiKTucPoncdl2F7anx5_Lsle-gILshGkDXBw63Ro4bJkxIBpQ/s1600/8.PNG" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 21px; line-height: 24px;"><br /></span></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 21px; line-height: 24px;"><br /></span></span>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Besar
panjang vektor<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzrWt1WsO0DnQ0lblkKbsrM7ozz8hnIvl6WEo3j1t9PDBceGw0e3jdw_umiFuah0Cz8EhwbXD27HWKeBB1hoJDtmp7W6VOojwV4OUkg7RjrKUosQoXxAR4R5AmJWMtJDcueyTeznFireU/s1600/6.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzrWt1WsO0DnQ0lblkKbsrM7ozz8hnIvl6WEo3j1t9PDBceGw0e3jdw_umiFuah0Cz8EhwbXD27HWKeBB1hoJDtmp7W6VOojwV4OUkg7RjrKUosQoXxAR4R5AmJWMtJDcueyTeznFireU/s1600/6.PNG" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Penjumlahan
maupun pengurangan vektor<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ8WeSNfgAtPelJkqt_pIOIU8QWooDNascB-cqsLBYoZD4MsPxz_W7erhTImIjXv6bUp1QsZrbHFVofbZ84g6nZ20RDkLDQr2w-lG7BmRefnFyfqTKSVZ-_5Cq1-bB_o31hsho4bGn5Kg/s1600/10+(1).PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ8WeSNfgAtPelJkqt_pIOIU8QWooDNascB-cqsLBYoZD4MsPxz_W7erhTImIjXv6bUp1QsZrbHFVofbZ84g6nZ20RDkLDQr2w-lG7BmRefnFyfqTKSVZ-_5Cq1-bB_o31hsho4bGn5Kg/s1600/10+(1).PNG" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixoGmpP6t02R3Vbf_Iks-DDpwMdotfvi8lVwpxpqntFjIVMEbfINY0upyV9j-5YVFllu2TKywLgSJDyK9FOf7Q9zlu4RvUqd8Tq7Xfi0Jt03xaTwDHixXUDNePkAH4p8wCTh1E3fIGhK8/s1600/35.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="176" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixoGmpP6t02R3Vbf_Iks-DDpwMdotfvi8lVwpxpqntFjIVMEbfINY0upyV9j-5YVFllu2TKywLgSJDyK9FOf7Q9zlu4RvUqd8Tq7Xfi0Jt03xaTwDHixXUDNePkAH4p8wCTh1E3fIGhK8/s320/35.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Perkalian
skalar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbCTML_0UiUeYNUtC1__JWHpvdCzcmmnAKYAQuc4Zi3p3hjdMIt6RBwF3XILZfwhU55oj2_15giNUfCcKtopSPtfR7yZHSODUSdxjtzUGkTgNJ2umSCcup6zMy9WtRdsQK91qQyo9bQBY/s1600/15.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbCTML_0UiUeYNUtC1__JWHpvdCzcmmnAKYAQuc4Zi3p3hjdMIt6RBwF3XILZfwhU55oj2_15giNUfCcKtopSPtfR7yZHSODUSdxjtzUGkTgNJ2umSCcup6zMy9WtRdsQK91qQyo9bQBY/s1600/15.PNG" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar
proyeksi vektor a pada b<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS4cKclbzEQk7piOoNKQ8VJsgG3FDQ-JxnebYLIOp41NtWkfqNmnP6kh1PCSAXrNxnzNms429KR8fdpwuqymMd8SNylVDQXep3CBjztC6O9GXJBqcxvAkv1SlmWavB1BisT8HAEQ74nIc/s1600/18.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS4cKclbzEQk7piOoNKQ8VJsgG3FDQ-JxnebYLIOp41NtWkfqNmnP6kh1PCSAXrNxnzNms429KR8fdpwuqymMd8SNylVDQXep3CBjztC6O9GXJBqcxvAkv1SlmWavB1BisT8HAEQ74nIc/s1600/18.PNG" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Proyeksi
orthogonal skalar<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijWl4XcKSm6zHWC9w0LpPlA4Sw54dLEVv5XA_mZxTRxPx-ad4OkeH4gjLrI6mtnBbUCHfXXEGwFqTxf4yHxdNZH0BI4suIZNLxkOqDTAyjhcetZ9f-zSc1kWgWbNWA6kRIYcJqYzwcwTY/s1600/19.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijWl4XcKSm6zHWC9w0LpPlA4Sw54dLEVv5XA_mZxTRxPx-ad4OkeH4gjLrI6mtnBbUCHfXXEGwFqTxf4yHxdNZH0BI4suIZNLxkOqDTAyjhcetZ9f-zSc1kWgWbNWA6kRIYcJqYzwcwTY/s1600/19.PNG" /></a></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Proyeksi
orthogonal vektor<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLNwRzi6rCAu7jWs3NDil7hO9wvR3FIka6f0Lii2Zg5EPNXkjlNtoz3wF6pEuqaoza7wVr5mSoYfPDIUnELRaABvhs-paw3nV2qfhSej585zM9U6WhmzvA_5yPU_AiwvlXBvC-A1pDSnc/s1600/20.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLNwRzi6rCAu7jWs3NDil7hO9wvR3FIka6f0Lii2Zg5EPNXkjlNtoz3wF6pEuqaoza7wVr5mSoYfPDIUnELRaABvhs-paw3nV2qfhSej585zM9U6WhmzvA_5yPU_AiwvlXBvC-A1pDSnc/s1600/20.PNG" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">j.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Titik
p pembagi AB dengan perbandingan m:n<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq0CZ3Ku6U1acGKXt52YuvUcUIPAGU84N-ONoSvYETbro9x2Wu61p2RiexIk1MURY1o2EVXCdQhfp16Ss9TpdXGvmJ19kCmwS5KKl876koixcoKGjLdrHwrTTNHm7mRhhk1Ajk2IQngGo/s1600/22.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq0CZ3Ku6U1acGKXt52YuvUcUIPAGU84N-ONoSvYETbro9x2Wu61p2RiexIk1MURY1o2EVXCdQhfp16Ss9TpdXGvmJ19kCmwS5KKl876koixcoKGjLdrHwrTTNHm7mRhhk1Ajk2IQngGo/s1600/22.PNG" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq0CZ3Ku6U1acGKXt52YuvUcUIPAGU84N-ONoSvYETbro9x2Wu61p2RiexIk1MURY1o2EVXCdQhfp16Ss9TpdXGvmJ19kCmwS5KKl876koixcoKGjLdrHwrTTNHm7mRhhk1Ajk2IQngGo/s1600/22.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><br /></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">k.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sudut
vektor <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4w9yCERNSk3ROgwMuvXz2AIHw53Trv1GGZZabMDoo8KcXjcGfVt0ef9Xc8fckNx6i4EEIx0ZQuyiFEv9DwXk3igfRYxlrP7xS2zST5wgyeCbKvn6BXtvoOh_ncLIoC_ef5z0KqaoKj58/s1600/51.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="102" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4w9yCERNSk3ROgwMuvXz2AIHw53Trv1GGZZabMDoo8KcXjcGfVt0ef9Xc8fckNx6i4EEIx0ZQuyiFEv9DwXk3igfRYxlrP7xS2zST5wgyeCbKvn6BXtvoOh_ncLIoC_ef5z0KqaoKj58/s320/51.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18209907770250529154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-543678557836190965.post-65529973258008879052013-02-09T06:44:00.000-08:002013-02-09T06:44:07.057-08:00Direct - Indirect (English)<br />
<h2 align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 18pt; text-align: center;">
<a href="" name="_Toc223441928"><span lang="NL" style="font-family: "Hobo Std"; font-size: 20.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: NL; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">DIRECT - INDIRECT (Reported Speech)</span></a><span lang="NL" style="font-family: "Hobo Std"; font-size: 20.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: NL; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 3.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketika kita
merubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung, ada beberapa hal yang
mengalami perubahan diantaranya perubahan tenses, struktur kalimat, pronoun
(kata ganti orang), Possessive (kata ganti kepemilikan), keterangan waktu, dan
tempat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perubahan
pronoun dan possessive tergantung kepada sabjek dan objek yang dipakai di
kalimat langsung/tidak langsung.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jika kalimat
langsung adalah kalimat tanya maka ketika kalimat itu diulang (kalimat tidak
langsung) tidak membentuk kata tanya lagi tetapi menjadi kalimat berita. Kata
penghubungnya adalah if/whether dan what, why, where, when, who, how. Begitu
pula jika kalimat langsung adalah kalimat perintah maka di kalimat tidak
langsung menjadi kalimat berita. Kata penghubungnya adalah (+) to
infinitive/V1, (-) not to infinitive/V1 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<i><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh Kalimat</span></i><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: outset 1.5pt; mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 600px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background: #D9D9D9; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 155.25pt;" valign="top" width="207">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<a href="" name="table24"></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kalimat langsung/direct<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9D9D9; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 182.25pt;" valign="top" width="243">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kalimat tidak langsung/indirect<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #D9D9D9; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(+) He said, “ <b>I
have</b> a present for <b>you</b> in <b>my </b>bag.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(-) He said, “<b>I do
not have</b> a present for <b>you </b>in <b>my</b> bag”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(?) He asked, “<b>Do I </b>have
a present for <b>you </b>in <b>my</b> bag<b>?</b>”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(?) He asked me, “ <b>Why</b>
do <b>I have to</b> have a present for <b>you</b> in <b>my</b> bag?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(!) He
ordered/commanded me, “<b>Bring</b> my bag <b>here now</b>!”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(!) He ordered me, “<b>Don’t
bring</b> <b>you</b>r bag <b>here</b>!”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D9D9D9; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(+) He said <b>that he
had</b> a present for <b>me</b> in <b>his</b> bag.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(-) He said <b>that he
did</b> not have a present for <b>me</b> in <b>his </b>bag.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(?) He asked me <b>if/whether</b>
he <b>had</b> a present for <b>me</b> in <b>his</b> bag.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(?) He asked me <b>why</b>
<b>he</b> <b>had to</b> have a present for <b>me</b> in <b>his</b> bag.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(!) He
ordered/commanded me <b>to bring</b> his bag <b>there then</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(!) He ordered me <b>not
to bring</b> <b>my </b>bag <b>there</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perubahan
Tenses</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: outset 1.5pt; mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 578px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 221.0pt;" valign="top" width="295">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<a href="" name="table25"></a><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Direct
(kalimat langsung)</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 212.85pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Indirect (kalimat
tidak langsung)</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Simple Present <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Present Continuous<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Present Future<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Present Perfect<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Present Perfect
Continuous<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Simple Past<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Past Continuous<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 212.85pt;" valign="top" width="284">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Simple Past <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Past Continuous<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Past Future<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Past Perfect<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Past Perfect Continuous<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Past Perfect<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Past Perfect Continuous<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lebih singkatnya
perubahan tenses tersebut adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: outset 1.5pt; mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 578px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 197.8pt;" valign="top" width="264">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<a href="" name="table26"></a><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Direct</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 236.05pt;" valign="top" width="315">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Indirect</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">V1 (eat) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">V2 (ate)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Am/is/are<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Do/does<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Do/does not<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Did not<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Was/were<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Am/is/are + V-ing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Was/were +V-ing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Has/have + V3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Will/shall/can/may/must<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Could/might/should/would
+ V1/be<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 236.05pt;" valign="top" width="315">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">V2 (ate) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Had + V3 (had
eaten)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Was/were<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Did<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Did not<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Had not + V3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Had been<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Was/were + V-ing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Had been + V-ing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Had + V3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Would/should/could/might/had
to<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">could/might/should/would
+ have+ V3/been<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perubahan Keterangan Waktu dan Tempat</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: outset 1.5pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-cellspacing: 0cm; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 432px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<a href="" name="table27"></a><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Direct</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Indirect</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Now <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Today<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tomorrow<br />
<br />
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Next… <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Last…<br />
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">…ago <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yesterday<br />
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The day before
yesterday<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Here<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">This<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">These<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Then <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">That day<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The next day<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The day after<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The following day<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A day later<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The… after<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The following…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The…before<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The previous …<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The preceeding<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">…before<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">…earlier<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The day before<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The previous day<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The preceeding day<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Two day before<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">There<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">That<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">those<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh Soal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Beckham
: Did you know what Fingo said yesterday?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Raul
: Of course. He said ____ the previous day.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a. had gone to his
country d. he went to his country<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b. he has gone to his
country e. he goes to his country<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c. he will go to his country<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jawaban : A</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ( kalau kalimat langsung/direct <i>simple
past</i>, indirect/tdk langsung harus <i>past perfect</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teacher
: Why was Mary absent yesterday?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jenifer : What did the
teacher want to know, Ferdy?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ferdy : he
wanted to know ____<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a. if Mary was
absent d. that Mary had been absent<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b. why Mary was
absent e. why Mary had been absent<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c. why was Mary absent<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jawaban : E</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (<i>direct</i> berbentuk <i>Wh-question</i>
bentuk <i>past tense</i> jadi <i>indirec</i> berbentuk <i>past perfect</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mother
: Don’t be so noisy, Herman. The baby is sleeping.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Herman : Okay, mom.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rudy :
What did your mother just told you?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Herman : She told me ___
because the baby was sleeping.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a. I wasn’t so
noisy d. I am very noisy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b. not to be so
noisy e. to be not so noisy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c. don’t be noisy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jawaban : B</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (<i>direct</i>: <u>don’t + be</u>
maka <i>indirect</i>: <u>not + to be</u>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Doctor : Open your mouth!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Mother : What
did the doctor tell you?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Son
: The doctor told me ___<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> a. that I open his
mouth d. to open my mouth<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> b. if I opened my
mouth e. opened my mouth<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> c. to open my mouth<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <b>Jawaban :
D</b> (<i>direct</i>: <u>V1 + O</u> maka <i>direct</i>: <u>to V1 + O</u>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mother
: Do you want meatballs or fried chicken?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mother asked me ____<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a. whether I wanted meatball or fried
shicken<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b. whether I want meatball or fried
chicken<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c. that I wanted meatball or fried
chicken<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">d. that I want meatball or fried
chicken<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">e. if I want meatball or fried
chicken<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <b>Jawaban:
A</b> (<i>direct</i>: <u>do/does + S +V1</u> maka <i>indirect</i>: <u>if/whether
+ S + V2</u>) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sumber
: Anten,nofri.<i>Discussion Materials of
Genre</i>.Solok</span><b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18209907770250529154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-543678557836190965.post-65444617309045319412013-02-09T06:42:00.001-08:002013-02-09T06:42:32.534-08:00Teknik Pencarian dengan Google<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teknik
Pencarian dengan Google<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyG3HauB_ib58DWjqTM1456RXTnkbPNj4c11Tz2iWs4uOXQHAU6Zh2Fe0pQ8DG5ApNrlSE6cKhj1x3xD2xx_c3cF7QQYhk7606vuCl-etxwbBTwr2VnPJzXL-v8ua0hsBpIaWST3cNXxA/s1600/where-do-google-doodles-come-from--ff2932470c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyG3HauB_ib58DWjqTM1456RXTnkbPNj4c11Tz2iWs4uOXQHAU6Zh2Fe0pQ8DG5ApNrlSE6cKhj1x3xD2xx_c3cF7QQYhk7606vuCl-etxwbBTwr2VnPJzXL-v8ua0hsBpIaWST3cNXxA/s320/where-do-google-doodles-come-from--ff2932470c.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Secara
umum, jenis pencarian di Google ada dua: <i><a href="http://google.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Basic Search</span></a></i> dan <i><a href="http://www.google.com/advanced_search?hl=en" target="_blank"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Advanced
Search</span></a></i>. <i>Basic Search</i> adalah fitur pencarian yang sudah
biasa kita gunakan yaitu ketika mengakses langsung google.com. Sedangkan <i>Advanced
Search</i> menyediakan berbagai pilihan fitur pencarian baik untuk
operator dasar, file format yang ingin kita cari, bahasa, region, dsb. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FITUR PENCARIAN DASAR</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AND</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Mencari informasi yang mengandung
kedua kata yang dicari. Bisa menggunakan salah satu dari tiga alternatif
berikut:<span style="color: #333333;"><br />
</span><i><span style="color: #c00000;">ukiran jepara ukiran AND jepara ukiran+jepara</span></i><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">OR</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Mencari informasi yang mengandung salah satu dari kedua
kata. Bisa menggunakan salah satu dari dua alternatif berikut:<br />
<i><span style="color: #c00000;">tahu OR tempe tahu | tempe</span></i><span style="color: #c00000;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FRASE</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Mencari informasi yang mengandung
frase yang dicari dengan menggunakan tanda “ . . ”. Contoh: <i><span style="color: #c00000;">“perangkat lunak”</span></i><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NOT</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Hasil pencarian mengandung kata
yang di depan, tapi tidak yang dibelakang minus (-). Contoh di bawah akan
mencari informasi yang mengandung kata <i>ikan</i> tapi bukan <i>bandeng</i>.
<i><span style="color: #c00000;">ikan -bandeng</span></i><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SINONIM (~)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Mencari kata beserta
sinonim-sinonimnya. Contoh di bawah akan membawa hasil pencarian: kendaraan
(car) dan sinonim-sinonimnya.<span style="color: #333333;"><br />
</span><i><span style="color: #c00000;">~car</span></i><span style="color: #c00000;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ASTERIK (*)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Karakter pengganti kata. Dari
contoh di bawah, hasil yang didapat bisa: <i>ayam bakar pedas, ayam goreng
pedas, ayam masak pedas,</i> dsb<br />
<i><span style="color: #c00000;">ayam * pedas</span></i><span style="color: #c00000;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TANDA TITIK (.)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Karakter pengganti huruf, angka
dan karakter tunggal. Dari contoh di bawah, hasil yang didapat bisa: <i>kopi,
koki, kodi,</i> dsb<span style="color: #333333;"><br />
</span><i><span style="color: #c00000;">ko.i</span></i><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CASE INSENSITIVE</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Pencarian di Google menganggap
kapital dan bukan kapital sebagai sesuatu yang sama. Jadi,<span style="color: #333333;"> </span><i><span style="color: #c00000;">rib hatul </span></i><span style="color: #c00000;">/ <i>Rib Hatul</i> </span>akan membawa
hasil pencarian yang sama<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PENGABAIAN KATA</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Google mengabaikan keyword berupa karakter
tunggal dan kata-kata berikut: <i>a, about, an, and, are, as, at, b, by,
from, how, i , in, is, it, of, on, or, that, the, this, to, we, what, when,
where, which, with</i>. Apabila kita masih tetap menginginkan pencarian kata
tersebut, bisa dengan menggunakan karakter + di depan kata yang dicari (contoh:<span style="color: #333333;"> </span><i><span style="color: #c00000;">Star Wars
Episode +I</span></i>), atau bisa juga dengan menganggapnya sebagai frase
(contoh:<span style="color: #333333;"> </span><i><span style="color: #c00000;">“Star
Wars Episode I”</span></i>)<span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I’M
FEELING LUCKY</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:
Akan membawa kita langsung menuju ke hasil pencarian pertama dari <i>query</i> kita<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FITUR PENCARIAN LANJUT</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 39.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DEFINE</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Mencari definisi dari sebuah
terminologi. Dari contoh di bawah, hasil yang didapat adalah berbagai definisi
tentang e-learning dari berbagai sumber<br />
<i><span style="color: #c00000;">define:e-learning</span></i><span style="color: #c00000;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 39.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CACHE</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Menampilkan situs web yang telah
diindeks oleh Google meskipun sudah tidak aktif lagi. Contoh di bawah akan
menghasilkan pencarian kata <i>php</i>pada situs <i>ilmukomputer.com</i> yang
ada di indeks Google.<span style="color: #333333;"><br />
</span><i><span style="color: #c00000;">cache:ilmukomputer.com php</span></i><span style="color: #c00000;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 39.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">LINK</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Menampilkan daftar link yang
mengarah ke sebuah situs. Contoh di bawah akan menampilkan daftar link yang
mengarah ke situs ilmukomputer.com example : <i><span style="color: #c00000;">link:ilmukomputer.com</span></i><span style="color: #c00000;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 39.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">RELATED</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Menampilkan daftar situs yang
serupa, mirip atau memiliki hubungan dengan suatu situs<span style="color: #333333;">
</span><i><span style="color: #c00000;">related:nuurilqolbii.blogspot.com</span></i><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 39.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">INFO</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Menampilkan informasi yang Google
ketahui tentang sebuah situs<br />
<i><span style="color: #c00000;">info: nuurilqolbii.blogspot.com</span></i><b><span style="color: #333333;"> </span></b><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 39.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SITE</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Menampilkan pencarian khusus di
suatu situs yang ditunjuk<span style="color: #333333;"><br />
</span><i><span style="color: #c00000;">java site:ilmukomputer.com</span></i><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 39.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FILETYPE</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Menampilkan hasil pencarian berupa
suatu jenis (ekstensi) file tertentu. Jenis file yang bisa dicari adalah: <i>doc,
xls, rtf, swf, ps, lwp, wri, ppt, pdf, mdb, txt</i>, dsb. Contoh di bawah akan
menampilkan hasil pencarian berupa<i>file PDF</i> yang mengandung
keyword <i>software engineering</i><span style="color: #333333;"><br />
</span><i><span style="color: #c00000;">software engineering filetype:pdf</span></i><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 39.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ALLINTITLE</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Menampilkan seluruh kata yang
dicari dalam TITLE halaman. Contoh di bawah akan menghasilkan halaman yang
memiliki title <i>java programming</i>. allintitle ini tidak dapat
digabungkan dengan operator (sintaks) lain. Gunakan intitle untuk keperluan
itu.<br />
<i><span style="color: #c00000;">allintitle:java programming</span></i><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 39.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">INTITLE</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Menampilkan satu kata yang dicari
dalam TITLE halaman. Contoh di bawah akan menghasilkan halaman yang memiliki
title <i>java</i> dan isi halaman yang mengandung kata <i>enterprise</i>
<i><span style="color: #c00000;">intitle:java enterprise</span></i><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 39.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> ALLINURL</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Menampilkan seluruh kata yang dicari di dalam URL. Contoh
di bawah akan menghasilkan daftar URL yang mengandung kata <i>java</i> dan<i>programming</i>.
allinurl ini tidak dapat digabungkan dengan operator (sintaks) lain. Gunakan
inurl untuk keperluan itu<span style="color: #333333;">.<br />
</span><i><span style="color: #c00000;">allinurl:java programming</span></i><span style="color: #c00000;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">INURL</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: Menampilkan satu kata yang
dicari di dalam URL. Contoh di bawah akan menghasilkan daftar URL yang
mengandung kata <i>java</i> dan isi halaman yang mengandung
kata <i>enterprise</i> <i><span style="color: #c00000;">inurl:java
enterprise</span></i><i><span style="color: #c00000;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pencarian
yang kita lakukan akan semakin efektif apabila kita mencoba menggabungkan
beberapa operator baik yang ada di fitur pencarian dasar maupun lanjut.
Misalnya, kita ingin mencari file-file <i>PDF</i> yang ada di situs<span style="color: #333333;"> </span><i><span style="color: #002060;"><a href="http://www.pdii.lipi.go.id/"><span style="color: #002060; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">www.pdii.lipi.go.id</span></a></span></i>. Maka kita
gabungkan dua operator menjadi:<span style="color: #333333;"><br />
</span><i><span style="color: #c00000;">filetype:pdf site:www.pdii.lipi.go.id<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18209907770250529154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-543678557836190965.post-64951107132110149972013-02-09T06:40:00.001-08:002013-02-09T06:40:20.494-08:00Kumpulan Barisan Bilangan MATEMATIKA<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 22pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://bimly-se.blogspot.com/2009/08/kumpulan-barisan-bilangan-matematika.html"><span style="color: windowtext;"><b>Kumpulan Barisan Bilangan Matematika</b></span></a><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1. Barisan
Bilangan Genap</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
Barisan: 2, 4, 6, 8, ...<br />
Deret: 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + …<br />
Rumus Suku ke-n: Un = 2n<br />
Jumlah n suku pertama: Sn = n² + n<br />
<b>2. Barisan Bilngan Ganjil </b><br />
Barisan: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, …<br />
Deret: 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + …<br />
Rumus Suku ke-n: Un = 2n – 1<br />
Jumlah n suku pertama: Sn = n²<br />
<b>3. Barisan Bilangan Persegi ( Kuadrat )</b><br />
Barisan: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, …<br />
Deret: 1 + 4 + 9 + 25 + 36 + …<br />
Rumus Suku ke-n: Un = n²<br />
Jumlah n suku pertama: Sn = 1/6 n( n + 1 )( 2n + 1 )<br />
<b>4. Barisan Bilngan Kubus ( Kubik )</b><br />
Barisan: 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, …<br />
Deret: 1 + 8 + 27 + 64 + 125 + 216 + …<br />
Rumus Suku ke-n: Un = n³<br />
Jumlah n suku pertama: Sn = 1/4 n² ( n + 1 )²<br />
nah itu tadi barisan bilangan yang enteng – enteng dulu<br />
sekarang kita lanjut ke jenis barisan selanjutnya . .<br />
<b>5. Barisan Bilangan Segitiga</b><br />
Barisan: 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, …<br />
Deret: 1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + 15 + 21 + …<br />
Rumus Suku ke-n: Un = 1/2 n ( n + 1 )<br />
Jumlah n suku pertama: Sn = 1/6 n ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 )<br />
<b>6. Barisan Bilangan Persegi Panjang</b><br />
Barisan: 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, …<br />
Deret: 2 + 6 + 12 + 20 + 30 + 42 + …<br />
Rumus Suku ke-n: Un = n ( n + 1 )<br />
Jumlah n suku pertama: Sn = 1/3 n ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 )<br />
<b>7. Barisan Bilangan Balok</b><br />
Barisan: 6, 24, 60, 120, …<br />
Deret: 6 + 24 + 60 + 120 + …<br />
Rumus Suku ke-n: Un = n ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 )<br />
Jumlah n suku pertama: Sn = 1/4 n ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) ( n + 3 )<br />
<b>8. Barisan Bilangan Fibonacci</b><br />
Barisan Bilangan Fibonacci adalah barisan yang nilai sukunya sama dengan jumlah
dua suku di depannya.<br />
Barisan:1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, …<br />
Deret: 1 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 5 + 8 + 13 + 21 + 34 + …<br />
Rumus Suku ke-n: Un = Un - 1 + Un - 2<br />
Ini tentang barisan yang biasanya sering di jumpai siswa SMP…….<br />
<b>9. Barisan Aritmatika</b><br />
Barisan Aritmatika adalah barisan yang mempunya beda sama,maksudnya adalah jika
suku kedua dikurangi suku pertama hasilnya sama dengan suku ketiga dikurangi
seku ke dua.<br />
dapat di tulis :<br />
U2 - U1 = U3 - U2<br />
deret barisan aritmatika bermacam – macam,yang penting barisan yang di buat
memenuhi syarat tersebut,contohnya adalah sebagai berikut :<br />
Deret: 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, …<br />
dapatkah kawan – kawan meneruskannya ?<br />
iya’, mudah sekali,karena apa ?<br />
kita mengetahui polanya,yaitu mempunya beda 4,dan suku selanjutnya adalah 21,
25, …<br />
dan barisan aritmatika juga dapat kita batasi sendiri yang penting memenuhi
syarat tadi…….<br />
Secara umum barisan aritmatika dapat di tulis :<br />
Rumus Suku ke-n: Un = a + (n – 1 )b<br />
Jumlah n suku pertama: Sn = n/2 ( a + Un )<br />
dengan :<br />
a = suku pertama<br />
b = beda ( selisih )<br />
n = banyaknya suku<br />
Un = seku ke-n yaitu suku terakhir<br />
Sebetulnya barisan aritmatika mempunya banyak macam,tapi kita anak smp hanyalah
ini yang di ajari di sekolah,untuk sekedar pengayaan,ada juga aritmatika tingkat
2, kalau itu tadi tingkat 1.<br />
secara umum dapat di tulis :<br />
Rumus Suku ke-n : Un = an² + bn + c<br />
tapi kita harus mencari dulu nilai a, b, dan c, hanya sebagai ilmu tambahan saja.<br />
nah ni ada lagi barisan yang kadang – kadang bikin susah :<br />
<b>10. Barisan Geometri</b><br />
Barisan Geometri adalah barisanyang perbandingan di antara dua suku yang
berurutan tetap.<br />
dapat di tulis :<br />
U2 /U1 = U3 /U2<br />
Barisan: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, …<br />
Deret: 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + …<br />
Rumus Suku ke-n: Un =a . r <sup>n-1</sup><br />
Jumlah n suku pertama:<br />
Sn = a( r<sup>n</sup> - 1 ) / r - 1, untuk r ≥ 1<br />
Sn = a( 1 - r<sup>n</sup> ) / 1 - r, untuk r < 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18209907770250529154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-543678557836190965.post-38777405148079931162013-02-09T05:14:00.002-08:002013-02-09T05:14:25.149-08:00Tips mengubah pribadi<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #632423; font-family: "Script MT Bold"; font-size: 26.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">TIPS : Mengubah
Pribadi yang Lebih Baik<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Anda
pikirin dulu apa sih yang mau dirubah.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bisa
dikatakan tatalah dulu “NIAT” sebelum mengawali perubahan. Karena apabila mau
mengubah diawali niat yang baik maka hasilnya juga baik dan begitu sebaliknya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<u><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh:</span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
anda ini seorang yang pemalu, penakut, anda ingin pandai berjualan, anda ini
seorang yang bodoh dan anda ingin merubahnya menjadi seorang yang pintar, anda
ingin menjadi orang yang terkenal,dll.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2. Ambil
keputusan untuk berubah</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengambil
sebuah keputusan untuk berubah inilah yang kebanyakan orang susah untuk melakukannya.
Mengambil keputusan ini bergantung kepada diri anda sendiri, sekarang Apakah
anda mau berubah atau tetap menjadi seorang yang seperti dulu tanpa ada
perubahan untuk lebih maju ???? ANDA sendiri yang tahu jawabannya,...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. Belajar
(Apa yang mau anda rubah)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Setelah
anda tau apa yang mau dirubah “NIAT”, kemudian anda telah mengambil keputusan
untuk berubah. Selanjutnya belajarlah semua hal yang bisa membuat anda berubah.
Misalkan anda ingin menjadi orang sukses seperti Najwa Shihab, Andy Noya atau
yang lain. Maka, belajarlah pribadi dari mereka, kenapa mereka bisa menjadi
orang yang sukses??. Perbanyaklah pertanyaan2 dalam diri anda, kemudian
jawablah pertanyaan itu... Yakinkan bahwa Anda pasti bisa melakukannya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.
Berubahlah perlahan-lahan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam
melakukan perubahan sebaiknya perlahan-lahan, karena berubah itu tak semudah
membalikkan tangan. Dan semua itu butuh proses untuk menjadi apa yang
diinginkan. Selain itu agar orang2 di sekitar anda tidak berfikir aneh tentang
anda. Akan tetapi selalulah positive
thinking kepada hal apapun.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.
Konsistensi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam
melakukan suatu perubahan kita harus tetap konsistensi pada apa yang mau kita
rubah. Konsistensi, keteguhan terhadap tujuan, dan usaha/pengembangan yang tak
terkesudahan, tetaplah diperlukan walau seseorang telah mulai berhasil mencapai
target-target dalam hidupnya. Keteguhan pada prinsip, atau pun untuk hal-hal
sepele, adalah garansi kesuksesan. Konsisten, konsistensi adalah kata lain
untuk tidak mencla-mencle.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6. Jangan pernah puas (dalam hal
baik)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Anda
jangan pernah merasa puas pada diri sendiri dengan hasil yang diperoleh. Dengan
merasa puas maka membuat anda lengah dan tledor untuk memperoleh yang lebih
baik lagi. Selaulah berfikir kedepan (masa depan). Dan janganlah lupa untuk
selalu berdo’a. BERUSAHALAH dan BERDO’A untuk meraih cita-cita/keinginan Anda.</span><b style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">7. </span></b><span style="text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 150%;">Kepercayaan
diri</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Percayalah bahwa tidak ada yang tidak
mungkin. “orang lain saja bisa, kenapa kita tidak..!!”. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Brush Script Std"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">MAN JADDA WA JADAA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
. . . <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18209907770250529154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-543678557836190965.post-66632884225618269382013-01-26T03:06:00.002-08:002013-02-09T06:34:16.514-08:00Keistimewaan Penghafal Al-Qur'an (HAFIDZ)<br />
<div align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-bottom: 3.53mm; page-break-before: always;">
<span style="font-family: GentiumAlt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Keistimewaan
PengHAFAL AL-QUR’AN (HAFIDZ)</b></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9CRhdfFFHPd2-CqcsmUKjIWKgtD6MwapL5LCaD0cRyWOjlJm1tQigthgTNq4FvHvcUPmZ7QDTk6HcxhMfpQJ4TN4pTjcJZkN46_EXHQxyMIBK6xRawbbJPGZU8XiB-HdB_Uz5dhSc-xU/s1600/Hafidz_Alquran.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9CRhdfFFHPd2-CqcsmUKjIWKgtD6MwapL5LCaD0cRyWOjlJm1tQigthgTNq4FvHvcUPmZ7QDTk6HcxhMfpQJ4TN4pTjcJZkN46_EXHQxyMIBK6xRawbbJPGZU8XiB-HdB_Uz5dhSc-xU/s1600/Hafidz_Alquran.jpg" /></a></div>
<div align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-bottom: 3.53mm; page-break-before: always;">
<span style="font-family: GentiumAlt;"><b>hafidz Al-Qur'an.jpg</b></span></div>
<div align="CENTER" class="western" style="margin-bottom: 3.53mm;">
“<span style="font-family: Bitstream Charter, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Al-Qur’an
tidak lain hanyalah peringatan bagi penduduk seluruh alam. Dan demi
sesungguhnya, kamu akan mengetahui kebenaran perkara-perkara yang
diterangkannya, tidak lama lagi.”</i><i> </i><b>[Qur’an, Surah
Saad 38: 87-88]</b></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" class="western" style="margin-bottom: 3.53mm; text-indent: 12.7mm;">
<span style="font-family: GentiumAlt;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Al-Qur’an adalah kitabullah
yang diturunkan kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW. Al-Qur’an merupakan kitab
suci yang kekal abadi dan terpelihara serta dijaga oleh ALLAH SWT
sampai akhir zaman.</span> <span style="font-size: medium;">Allah SWT berfirman dalam
surah Al-Hijr ayat 9, "Sesungguhnya, Kamilah yang menurunkan
Alquran, dan sesungguhnya Kami yang benar-benar memeliharanya."
Rasulullah SAW memelihara Alquran dengan menghafalkan setiap ayat
yang diwahyukan kepadanya.</span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" class="western" style="margin-bottom: 3.53mm; text-indent: 12.7mm;">
<span style="font-family: GentiumAlt;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Bahkan, Allah SWT telah menjamin
terpeliharanya hafalan Nabi SAW terhadap ayat-ayat Alquran.
"Janganlah kamu menggerakan lidahmu untuk (membaca] Alquran
karena hendak cepat-cepat menguasainya, sesungguhnya atas tanggungan
Kamilah mengumpulkannya (di dadamu) dan (membuatmu pandai)
membacanya. (QS Al-Qiyamah 16-17)</span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" class="western" style="margin-bottom: 3.53mm; text-indent: 12.7mm;">
<span style="font-family: GentiumAlt;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Rasulullah SAW sangat mendorong
sahabat dan umatnya untuk menghafal ayat-ayat suci Alquran. Nabi
Muhammad SAW mengibaratkan orang yang tak memiliki hafalan Alquran
sebagai gubuk kumuh yang nyaris roboh. "Orang yang tidak
mempunyai hafalan Alquran sedikit pun adalah seperti rumah kumuh yang
mau runtuh." (HR Tirmidzi).</span> <span style="font-size: medium;">"Barangsiapa
yang membaca (hafal) Alquran, maka sungguh dirinya telah menaiki
derajat kenabian, hanya saja tidak diwahyukan kepadanya." (HR
Hakim).</span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" class="western" style="margin-bottom: 3.53mm; text-indent: 12.7mm;">
<span style="font-family: GentiumAlt;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Beberapa keistimewaan seorang
yang menghafal AL-Qur’an (HAFIDZ/HAFIDZAH) :</span></span></div>
<ol>
<li><div align="JUSTIFY" class="western" style="margin-bottom: 3.53mm;">
<span style="font-family: GentiumAlt;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Akan
mendapat posisi yang istimewadi mata Allah SWT dan Rasulullah SAW</span></span></div>
</li>
</ol>
<div align="JUSTIFY" class="western" style="margin-bottom: 3.53mm; margin-left: 19.05mm;">
<span style="font-family: Bitstream Charter, serif;">"Sesungguhnya
Allah mempunyai keluarga di antara manusia, para sahabat bertanya,
"Siapakah mereka ya Rasulullah?" Rasul menjawab, "Para
ahli Alquran. Merekalah keluarga Allah dan pilihan-pilihan-Nya."
(HR Ahmad).</span><br />
<br /></div>
<ol start="2">
<li><div align="JUSTIFY" class="western" style="margin-bottom: 3.53mm;">
<span style="font-family: GentiumAlt;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Akan
mendapat pahala dan dijamin masuk SURGA</span></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="JUSTIFY" class="western" style="margin-bottom: 3.53mm;">
<span style="font-family: GentiumAlt;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Akan
mendapat posisi yang terhormat dalam kehidupan di dunia dan di
akhirat</span></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="JUSTIFY" class="western" style="margin-bottom: 3.53mm;">
<span style="font-family: GentiumAlt;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Akan memiliki derajat yang
lebih tinggi</span></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="JUSTIFY" class="western" style="margin-bottom: 3.53mm;">
<span style="font-family: GentiumAlt;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Akan
memiliki pengetahuan dan ilmu yang lebih </span></span>
</div>
</li>
<li><div align="JUSTIFY" class="western" style="margin-bottom: 3.53mm;">
<span style="font-family: GentiumAlt;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Dan
masih banyak lagi. . </span></span>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<div align="JUSTIFY" class="western" style="margin-bottom: 3.53mm; margin-left: 12.7mm;">
<span style="font-family: GentiumAlt;"><span style="font-size: medium;">SUBHANALLAH . . sungguh mulia
dan istimewanya orang yang menghafal Al-Qur’an. Akan tetapi,
apabila kita ingin menjadi seorang HAFIDZ maka tatalah hatimu
terlebih dahulu. Dan niatkan untuk mendapatkan ke-</span><span style="color: #c00000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">RIDHA</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;">an
</span><span style="color: #7030a0;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Allah
</span></span><span style="color: #c00000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><u>bukan
yang lain</u></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;">. Dan selalu jagalah hati,
pikiran dan akhlak. Dan terlebih jaga MATA (penglihatan). Karena, itu
merupakan suatu yang berat tapi jika engkau mempunyai niat yang baik
lagi dan kuat ,semoga Allah meridhoimu. </span></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" class="western" style="margin-bottom: 3.53mm; margin-left: 12.7mm;">
<span style="font-family: GentiumAlt;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Terima kasih atas kunjungannya.
. semoga bermanfaat.KEEP FIGHTING !!</span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18209907770250529154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-543678557836190965.post-5003318321096789902013-01-26T02:55:00.004-08:002013-02-09T06:37:51.397-08:00Rahasia Kedahsyatan Kekuatan AIR<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 4.94mm; margin-top: 4.94mm; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>Rahasia Kedahsyatan KEKUATAN AIR </b>
</span></div>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS6tUfCnvn-2L-H8YjmACmvJ9zvuPWain9bpcsjFxylfedzzHvgL5XXugWzde1NHDuDMmj_akYyvxn1mtIGXYLdWkUyqdkKaKER-vSBQZtDHgfVv-cX2AfY1u3aGPRsFSpOSMKvOLrWSQ/s1600/air.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS6tUfCnvn-2L-H8YjmACmvJ9zvuPWain9bpcsjFxylfedzzHvgL5XXugWzde1NHDuDMmj_akYyvxn1mtIGXYLdWkUyqdkKaKER-vSBQZtDHgfVv-cX2AfY1u3aGPRsFSpOSMKvOLrWSQ/s200/air.jpg" width="200" /></a></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 4.94mm; margin-top: 4.94mm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 12.7mm;">
<br />
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Selama berabad-abad lamanya manusia
selalu tergantung pada air. Air bisa sangat bermanfaat bagi manusia untuk
menjaga kesehatan dan pengobatan namun air bisa juga mengakibatkan bencana yang
tak terperikan. Banjir dahsyat di berbagai daerah atau peristiwa tsunami
seperti di Aceh, jelas sekali menggambarkan kekuatan alam yang mampu
meluluhlantakan kota dan penduduknya hanya dengan sekali libas. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Karena dahsyatnya kekuatan air,
manusia pun selayaknya memiliki ahlak terhadap air. Banyaknya pencemaran air di
Indonesia yang meliputi sungai, laut, dan air tanah jelas sekali
memperlihatkan betapa rendahnya ahlak manusia Indonesia terhadap air. Tidaklah
mengherankan jika air pulalah yang mengakibatkan banyak bencana di Indonesia.
Bencana-bencana tersebut tentulah bukan takdir Tuhan semata, melainkan takdir
tersebut terjadi akibat perbuatan manusia itu sendiri :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%;">
<em><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yang demikian itu disebabkan oleh perbuatan tanganmu sendiri.
Sesungguhnya Allah sekali-kali tidak menganiaya hamba-Nya. (Q.S Al Anfaal
(8) : 35)</span></em><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%;">
<em><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sesungguhnya Allah tidak berbuat zalim kepada manusia
sedikitpun akan tetapi manusia itulah yang berbuat zalim kepada diri mereka
sendiri. (Q.S Yunus (10) : 44)</span></em><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan demikian ada sebuah pertanyaan
: Benarkah air mampu merespon positif atau bahkan 'balas dendam' kepada
manusia?..<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pertanyaan diatas terjawab juga
akhirnya di abad modern ini. Melalui penelitian tentang air yang dilakukan
ilmuwan Jepang Dr.Masaru Emoto akhirnya dapat kita ketahui bahwa air pun
ternyata HIDUP dan dapat memberikan respon yang positif ataupun negatif
terhadap manusia. Penelitian ini patut diacungi jempol karena telah membuktikan
ayat dalam Al Quran : "Dan kami ciptakan dari air segala sesuatu yang
hidup..." (Q.S Al Anbiya (21) :30).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dr.Masaru Emoto berhasil mendapatkan
foto kristal air pertama di dunia bersama sahabatnya Kazuya Ishibashi (seorang
ilmuwan yang ahli dalam mikroskop). Foto kristal air ini didapat dengan cara
membekukan air pada suhu -25 derajat celcius dan difoto dengan alat foto
berkecepatan tinggi. Hasilnya adalah air ternyata mampu merespon terhadap
kata-kata, gambar serta musik baik secara positif ataupun negatif.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jika kita mengatakan pada air
kata-kata "cinta dan terima kasih" maka hasil foto kristal airnya
sungguh dahsyat yakni membentuk kristal air heksagonal yang indah. Sebaliknya,
jika kita mengatakan pada air kalimat "<i><u>kamu
bodoh</u></i>" maka tidak akan membentuk kristal bahkan gambarnya jelek
sekali. Simak perbedaan fotonya berikut ini :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 4.94mm; margin-top: 4.94mm; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Kristal air yang
terbentuk jika kita mengatakan "<strong>kamu bodoh</strong>" :</span></div>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic_-1rENro17q5rmaTY2v7SftvmdjDypxCcqFhjGv7VH9iPRULxRSNNmrKKhblal6pN9R4wIfn4kcOLhPZC-SwGKPHtUq9MTwAScSpr2AiFlDqXCoYdZDO4EJkgfujPxBXNeaZtniahNI/s1600/kamubodoh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic_-1rENro17q5rmaTY2v7SftvmdjDypxCcqFhjGv7VH9iPRULxRSNNmrKKhblal6pN9R4wIfn4kcOLhPZC-SwGKPHtUq9MTwAScSpr2AiFlDqXCoYdZDO4EJkgfujPxBXNeaZtniahNI/s1600/kamubodoh.jpg" /></span></a></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 4.94mm; margin-top: 4.94mm; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div lang="" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 4.94mm; margin-top: 4.94mm; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 4.94mm; margin-top: 4.94mm; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Kristal air yang
terbentuk jika kita mengatakan "<strong>cinta dan terima kasih</strong>"
:</span></div>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKxTeUl97rejSz4r8pceqL4VI_LG6CXHUOIxPGcJuRNks7zoI5w83LBqrx8MVApGvBgaUigSFVapH-4HuYsCH9E7o9tY1tDpHhyphenhyphenF3yUzaAmdkS_xa8-N4A05L9W2COiwovRWjZbPFZzh0/s1600/bagus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKxTeUl97rejSz4r8pceqL4VI_LG6CXHUOIxPGcJuRNks7zoI5w83LBqrx8MVApGvBgaUigSFVapH-4HuYsCH9E7o9tY1tDpHhyphenhyphenF3yUzaAmdkS_xa8-N4A05L9W2COiwovRWjZbPFZzh0/s1600/bagus.jpg" /></a></span></div>
<div lang="" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 4.94mm; margin-top: 4.94mm; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 4.94mm; margin-top: 4.94mm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 12.7mm;">
<br />
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Itulah sebabnya sekarang ini kita
harus berahlak terhadap air karena dengan ahlak yang baik pada air berarti kita
mengkonsumsi air yang akan berdampak baik pada tubuh kita, sebab air yang mampu
membentuk heksagonal merupakan air yang mampu melunturkan racun-racun pada
tubuh kita. Percobaan terhadap air tidak hanya dilakukan dengan kata-kata namun
juga melalui musik. Ternyata musik klasik mampu merubah air membentuk kristal
yang sangat indah sedangkan musik heavy metal justru membentuk air yang tidak
baik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hal yang berkaitan dengan manfaat air
sebagai penyembuhan spiritual juga mengagumkan. Foto berikut ini telah
memperlihatkan kebesaran Allah, dimana air yang telah diberikan doa ternyata
mampu membentuk kristal heksagonal yang sangat indah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 4.94mm; margin-top: 4.94mm; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Gambar air <strong>SEBELUM
</strong>diberi doa :</span></div>
</div>
<div lang="" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 4.94mm; margin-top: 4.94mm; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5-vlJX5NL27LY7wqiClBCaCFsD7aPZ0lbUsyUs2Veq7vhQCNKIHbZnXbGiyBdrkYJJMaa4KEQC08VotVzXwuwPEgoMCczAKqklG_mKejz-BzhTtmPZLBy7CmbpMqXSmVjnc5Y6NbkXE0/s1600/jelek2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5-vlJX5NL27LY7wqiClBCaCFsD7aPZ0lbUsyUs2Veq7vhQCNKIHbZnXbGiyBdrkYJJMaa4KEQC08VotVzXwuwPEgoMCczAKqklG_mKejz-BzhTtmPZLBy7CmbpMqXSmVjnc5Y6NbkXE0/s1600/jelek2.jpg" /></span></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 4.94mm; margin-top: 4.94mm; text-align: center;">
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large; line-height: 16px;"><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large; line-height: 100%;"></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large; line-height: 100%;"><span style="line-height: 100%;">Gambar kristal
air </span><strong style="line-height: 100%;">SESUDAH</strong><span style="line-height: 100%;"> diberi doa :</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large; line-height: 100%;">
</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYxKje2WR4TSDmFzvz3mWch-cg3w0OrpY83RaRDUL-8HNE2JhLulmQmpzSoGJYyYBAQBIY7qu49_DgcbckIq-Ezu-ZtWDIg2jkPcWREMva6AVf42N4bCrQrj7evwlDM_JYiSMXRBzOH5k/s1600/air_afterdoa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYxKje2WR4TSDmFzvz3mWch-cg3w0OrpY83RaRDUL-8HNE2JhLulmQmpzSoGJYyYBAQBIY7qu49_DgcbckIq-Ezu-ZtWDIg2jkPcWREMva6AVf42N4bCrQrj7evwlDM_JYiSMXRBzOH5k/s1600/air_afterdoa.jpg" /></a></span></div>
<div lang="" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 4.94mm; margin-top: 4.94mm; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 4.94mm; margin-top: 4.94mm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 12.7mm;">
<br />
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan penelitian ini, jelaslah sudah
bahwa pengobatan alternatif melalui air yang telah diberi doa ternyata bisa
memberikan kesembuhan kepada penyakit yang berat sekalipun. Jika dulu banyak
orang beranggapan penyembuhan penyakit melalui air yang diberi doa adalah
musrik maka oleh ilmu pengetahuan telah dibuktikan bahwa doa yang dibacakan
pada air mampu merubah air tersebut menjadi air penyembuh. Jadi semua ini
sejalan dengan ilmu pengetahuan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penelitian Dr.Masimoto inipun tidak
hanya mencakup air melainkan juga makanan lainnya yang ternyata mampu
memberikan reaksi positif dan negatif. Inilah rahasianya mengapa kita
dianjurkan oleh agama untuk berdoa sebelum makan/minum. Doa yang baik ternyata
akan mampu merubah air/makanan menjadi sesuatu yang baik bagi tubuh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penelitian ini sungguh menyadarkan
kita bahwa ucapan, pikiran dan perbuatan yang tidak baik ternyata mampu
mengalirkan energi negatif yang merubah segala sesuatunya menjadi tidak baik.
Peristiwa tsunami di Aceh adalah bukti bahwa alam (air) telah merespon segala
ketakutan, kemarahan, kesedihan rakyat aceh selama berpuluh-puluh tahun.
Akibatnya adalah air merespon secara negatif dan berbalik menghantam mereka
sendiri. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk itu marilah kita berhati-hati!
apalagi tubuh kita sendiri ternyata terdiri dari 70% air. Jika kita memiliki
pikiran negatif maka air dalam tubuh kita juga akan membentuk pola yang
negatif. Akibatnya malah bisa menimbulkan penyakit atau masalah lainnya.
Tidaklah mengherankan jika stress ternyata memberikan kontribusi yang sangat
besar terhadap timbulnya penyakit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan penemuan yang brilian ini,
kini saatnya bagi kita semua memiliki pikiran yang positif!! Pikiran positif
akan memancarkan gelombang energi dalam diri kita sendiri sehingga kesehatan
akan semakin baik karena air dalam tubuh kita akan membentuk pola energi yang
baik juga. Demikian gelombang energi positif ini akan mempengaruhi lingkungan
sekitar kita hingga berdampak positif bagi kita. Hasilnya adalah kesuksesan
hanya akan terjadi jika kita berpikiran positif! : rejeki tambah lancar,
keluarga harmonis, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan membiasakan diri berpikir
positif, maka sesungguhnya kita akan mampu menghambat energi negatif yang akan
menghantam kita, entah berupa penyakit, stress, sihir dll. Hal ini telah
dibuktikan pula oleh Masimoto yaitu air yang telah diberi doa/kalimat positif
ternyata masih tetap membentuk kristal meski kemudian diperdengarkan kata-kata
negatif. Jadi tunggu apa lagi !?? berpikirlah positif mulai sekarang!!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 4.94mm; margin-top: 4.94mm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #002060;"><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Sumber
<i>: Buku "The True Power of Water" (Dr. Masaru Emoto)</i></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0pU7bR8F5-q8gXc_nYThwrTTrIGV5YKQtaF066azRyNelg_kNRgQEnr5viUOjq45YGlM0qoL2TUDNgCA5yJvdNpkXCDrrOVV7W8KUN_8kieKmYVSZbefpMhAu9FEOgivv4shzgUhd_z8/s1600/dr-masaru-emoto1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0pU7bR8F5-q8gXc_nYThwrTTrIGV5YKQtaF066azRyNelg_kNRgQEnr5viUOjq45YGlM0qoL2TUDNgCA5yJvdNpkXCDrrOVV7W8KUN_8kieKmYVSZbefpMhAu9FEOgivv4shzgUhd_z8/s200/dr-masaru-emoto1.jpg" width="171" /></span></a></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 4.94mm; margin-top: 4.94mm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #002060;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><br /></i></span></span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18209907770250529154noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-543678557836190965.post-80825257405667295082013-01-22T18:27:00.000-08:002013-01-22T18:27:06.870-08:00SYURO<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Hobo Std'; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 31px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #660000;">BULAN MUHARRAM (SYURO)</span></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;">“sesungguhnya
bilangan pada sisi Allah adalah dua belas bulan, dalam ketetapan Allah di waktu
Dia menciptakan langit dan bumi, diantaranya empat bulan haram (Bulan
Dzulkaidah, Dzulhijjah, Muharram dan Rajab ) Itulah (ketetapan)agama yang
lurus, maka janganlah kamu menganiaya diri kamu (dengan mengadakan peperangan)
dalam bulan yang empat itu. . “ (QS. At Taubah :36)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Muharram
adalah bulan umat Islam mengawali tahun kalender Hijriah (tahun baru)
berdasarkan peredaran bulan, dalam istilah jawa di kenal dengan bulan Aasyura
(Suro). Sebelum datangnya ajaran islam, bulan Muharram sudah dikenal sebagai
bulan suci dan pada bulan ini dilarang untuk melakukan hal-hal seperti
peperangan dan pertumpahan darah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">KEUTAMAAN
BULAN MUHARRAM<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bulan
diharamkannya perang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Allah
berfirman dalam surat At-Taubah:36 yang artinya ;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“
. . . Maka janganlah kamu menganiaya diri kamu (dengan Menmgadakan Peperangan)
dalam bulan yang empat itu (Bulan Dzulkaidah, Dzulhijjah, Muharram dan Rajab) .
. . “<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bulan
disunnahkannya puasa setelah Ramadhan dan merupakan bulan Allah (Syahrullah).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dari
Abu Hurairah ra, Rasulullah bersabda :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“
Puasa yang paling utama setelah Ramadhan adalah puasa di bulan Muharram. Dan
sholat yang paling utama setelah sholat wajib adalah shalat malam. “ (HR.
Muslim)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Diluaskan
Rejekinya sepanjang tahun<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rasulullah
saw bersabda :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“
Barangsiapa meluaskan pemberian kepada anak keluarganya di hari asyura, maka
Allah akan meluaskan rizkinya sepanjang tahun ini”. (HR. Thabrani dan Baihaqi)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Di
bulan Muharram terdapat hari Asyura (tanggal 10 Muharram)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18209907770250529154noreply@blogger.com0