DIRECT - INDIRECT (Reported Speech)
Ketika kita
merubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung, ada beberapa hal yang
mengalami perubahan diantaranya perubahan tenses, struktur kalimat, pronoun
(kata ganti orang), Possessive (kata ganti kepemilikan), keterangan waktu, dan
tempat.
Perubahan
pronoun dan possessive tergantung kepada sabjek dan objek yang dipakai di
kalimat langsung/tidak langsung.
Jika kalimat
langsung adalah kalimat tanya maka ketika kalimat itu diulang (kalimat tidak
langsung) tidak membentuk kata tanya lagi tetapi menjadi kalimat berita. Kata
penghubungnya adalah if/whether dan what, why, where, when, who, how. Begitu
pula jika kalimat langsung adalah kalimat perintah maka di kalimat tidak
langsung menjadi kalimat berita. Kata penghubungnya adalah (+) to
infinitive/V1, (-) not to infinitive/V1
Contoh Kalimat
Kalimat tidak langsung/indirect
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(+) He said, “ I
have a present for you in my bag.”
(-) He said, “I do
not have a present for you in my bag”
(?) He asked, “Do I have
a present for you in my bag?”
(?) He asked me, “ Why
do I have to have a present for you in my bag?
(!) He
ordered/commanded me, “Bring my bag here now!”
(!) He ordered me, “Don’t
bring your bag here!”
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(+) He said that he
had a present for me in his bag.
(-) He said that he
did not have a present for me in his bag.
(?) He asked me if/whether
he had a present for me in his bag.
(?) He asked me why
he had to have a present for me in his bag.
(!) He
ordered/commanded me to bring his bag there then.
(!) He ordered me not
to bring my bag there.
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Perubahan
Tenses
Indirect (kalimat
tidak langsung)
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Simple Present
Present Continuous
Present Future
Present Perfect
Present Perfect
Continuous
Simple Past
Past Continuous
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Simple Past
Past Continuous
Past Future
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
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Lebih singkatnya
perubahan tenses tersebut adalah:
Indirect
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V1 (eat)
V2 (ate)
Am/is/are
Do/does
Do/does not
Did not
Was/were
Am/is/are + V-ing
Was/were +V-ing
Has/have + V3
Will/shall/can/may/must
Could/might/should/would
+ V1/be
|
V2 (ate)
Had + V3 (had
eaten)
Was/were
Did
Did not
Had not + V3
Had been
Was/were + V-ing
Had been + V-ing
Had + V3
Would/should/could/might/had
to
could/might/should/would
+ have+ V3/been
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Perubahan Keterangan Waktu dan Tempat
Indirect
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Now
Today
Tomorrow
Next…
Last…
…ago
Yesterday
The day before
yesterday
Here
This
These
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Then
That day
The next day
The day after
The following day
A day later
The… after
The following…
The…before
The previous …
The preceeding
…before
…earlier
The day before
The previous day
The preceeding day
Two day before
There
That
those
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Contoh Soal
1.
Beckham
: Did you know what Fingo said yesterday?
Raul
: Of course. He said ____ the previous day.
a. had gone to his
country d. he went to his country
b. he has gone to his
country e. he goes to his country
c. he will go to his country
Jawaban : A ( kalau kalimat langsung/direct simple
past, indirect/tdk langsung harus past perfect)
2.
Teacher
: Why was Mary absent yesterday?
Jenifer : What did the
teacher want to know, Ferdy?
Ferdy : he
wanted to know ____
a. if Mary was
absent d. that Mary had been absent
b. why Mary was
absent e. why Mary had been absent
c. why was Mary absent
Jawaban : E (direct berbentuk Wh-question
bentuk past tense jadi indirec berbentuk past perfect)
3.
Mother
: Don’t be so noisy, Herman. The baby is sleeping.
Herman : Okay, mom.
Rudy :
What did your mother just told you?
Herman : She told me ___
because the baby was sleeping.
a. I wasn’t so
noisy d. I am very noisy
b. not to be so
noisy e. to be not so noisy
c. don’t be noisy
Jawaban : B (direct: don’t + be
maka indirect: not + to be)
4.
Doctor : Open your mouth!
Mother : What
did the doctor tell you?
Son
: The doctor told me ___
a. that I open his
mouth d. to open my mouth
b. if I opened my
mouth e. opened my mouth
c. to open my mouth
Jawaban :
D (direct: V1 + O maka direct: to V1 + O)
5.
Mother
: Do you want meatballs or fried chicken?
Mother asked me ____
a. whether I wanted meatball or fried
shicken
b. whether I want meatball or fried
chicken
c. that I wanted meatball or fried
chicken
d. that I want meatball or fried
chicken
e. if I want meatball or fried
chicken
Jawaban:
A (direct: do/does + S +V1 maka indirect: if/whether
+ S + V2)
Sumber
: Anten,nofri.Discussion Materials of
Genre.Solok