DIRECT - INDIRECT (Reported Speech)
Ketika kita
merubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung, ada beberapa hal yang
mengalami perubahan diantaranya perubahan tenses, struktur kalimat, pronoun
(kata ganti orang), Possessive (kata ganti kepemilikan), keterangan waktu, dan
tempat.
Perubahan
pronoun dan possessive tergantung kepada sabjek dan objek yang dipakai di
kalimat langsung/tidak langsung.
Jika kalimat
langsung adalah kalimat tanya maka ketika kalimat itu diulang (kalimat tidak
langsung) tidak membentuk kata tanya lagi tetapi menjadi kalimat berita. Kata
penghubungnya adalah if/whether dan what, why, where, when, who, how. Begitu
pula jika kalimat langsung adalah kalimat perintah maka di kalimat tidak
langsung menjadi kalimat berita. Kata penghubungnya adalah (+) to
infinitive/V1, (-) not to infinitive/V1 
Contoh Kalimat 
| 
   
Kalimat tidak langsung/indirect 
 | 
 |
| 
   
(+) He said, “ I
  have a present for you in my bag.” 
(-) He said, “I do
  not have a present for you in my bag” 
(?) He asked, “Do I have
  a present for you in my bag?” 
(?) He asked me, “ Why
  do I have to have a present for you in my bag? 
(!) He
  ordered/commanded me, “Bring my bag here now!” 
(!) He ordered me, “Don’t
  bring your bag here!” 
 | 
  
   
(+) He said that he
  had a present for me in his bag. 
(-) He said that he
  did not have a present for me in his bag. 
(?) He asked me if/whether
  he had a present for me in his bag. 
(?) He asked me why
  he had to have a present for me in his bag. 
(!) He
  ordered/commanded me to bring his bag there then. 
(!) He ordered me not
  to bring my bag there. 
 | 
 
Perubahan
Tenses
| 
   
Indirect (kalimat
  tidak langsung) 
 | 
 |
| 
   Simple Present 
Present Continuous 
Present Future 
Present Perfect 
Present Perfect
  Continuous 
Simple Past 
Past Continuous 
 | 
  
   Simple Past 
Past Continuous 
Past Future 
Past Perfect 
Past Perfect Continuous 
Past Perfect 
Past Perfect Continuous 
 | 
 
Lebih singkatnya
perubahan tenses tersebut adalah:
| 
   
Indirect 
 | 
 |
| 
   
V1 (eat)  
V2 (ate) 
Am/is/are 
Do/does 
Do/does not 
Did not 
Was/were 
Am/is/are + V-ing 
Was/were +V-ing 
Has/have + V3 
Will/shall/can/may/must 
Could/might/should/would
  + V1/be 
 | 
  
   
V2  (ate)  
Had + V3  (had
  eaten) 
Was/were 
Did 
Did not 
Had not + V3 
Had been 
Was/were + V-ing 
Had been + V-ing 
Had + V3 
Would/should/could/might/had
  to 
could/might/should/would
  + have+ V3/been 
 | 
 
Perubahan Keterangan Waktu dan Tempat
| 
   
Indirect 
 | 
 |
| 
   
Now  
Today 
Tomorrow 
Next…  
Last… 
…ago  
Yesterday 
The day before
  yesterday 
Here 
This 
These 
 | 
  
   
Then  
That day 
The next day 
The day after 
The following day 
A day later 
The… after 
The following… 
The…before 
The previous … 
The preceeding 
…before 
…earlier 
The day before 
The previous day 
The preceeding day 
Two day before 
There 
That 
those 
 | 
 
Contoh Soal
1.    
Beckham
: Did you know what Fingo said yesterday?
Raul        
: Of course. He said ____ the previous day.
a. had gone to his
country   d. he went to his country
b. he has gone to his
country  e. he goes to his country
c. he will go to his country
Jawaban : A ( kalau kalimat langsung/direct simple
past, indirect/tdk langsung harus past perfect)
2.    
Teacher
: Why was Mary absent yesterday?
Jenifer   : What did the
teacher want to know, Ferdy?
Ferdy     : he
wanted to know ____
a. if Mary was
absent   d. that Mary had been absent
b. why Mary was
absent   e. why Mary had been absent
c. why was Mary absent
Jawaban : E (direct berbentuk Wh-question
bentuk past tense jadi indirec berbentuk past perfect)
3.    
Mother
  : Don’t be so noisy, Herman. The baby is sleeping.
Herman  : Okay, mom.
Rudy      :
What did your mother just told you?
Herman  : She told me ___
because the baby was sleeping.
a. I wasn’t so
noisy   d. I am very noisy
b. not to be so
noisy   e. to be not so noisy
c. don’t be noisy
Jawaban : B (direct: don’t + be
maka indirect: not + to be)
4.    
  
Doctor   : Open your mouth!
   Mother  : What
did the doctor tell you?
   Son      
: The doctor told me ___
   a. that I open his
mouth   d. to open my mouth
   b. if I opened my
mouth   e. opened my mouth
   c. to open my mouth
    Jawaban :
D (direct: V1 + O maka direct: to V1 + O)
5.    
Mother
: Do you want meatballs or fried chicken?
Mother asked me ____
a. whether I wanted meatball or fried
shicken
b. whether I want meatball or fried
chicken
c. that I wanted meatball or fried
chicken
d. that I want meatball or fried
chicken
e. if I want meatball or fried
chicken
      Jawaban:
A (direct: do/does + S +V1 maka indirect: if/whether
+ S + V2) 
Sumber
: Anten,nofri.Discussion Materials of
Genre.Solok

